Fasteners, as the basic units of large structural components, are crucial for safety. However, during prolonged use, fasteners often develop defects such as cracks, corrosion, dents, and human-induced damage. Among these, cracks are particularly prevalent and hazardous. Effective non-destructive testing has become an urgent issue to be addressed in the engineering field.
Traditional Crack Detection Methods
Visual Inspection: Observing the surface of fasteners with the naked eye or a magnifying glass to detect defects such as cracks. This method is simple but limited by the inspector's experience and technical level, and it cannot detect micro-cracks.
Coating Inspection: Applying a special coating to the surface of fasteners, which changes at the site of cracks, thereby revealing them. However, this method requires a controlled environment and the coating can be harmful to human health.
Magnetic Particle Inspection: Using magnetic materials to detect changes in the magnetic field at the site of cracks by observing the accumulation of magnetic particles. This method is effective for surface cracks but less so for internal cracks.
Modern Non-Destructive Testing Methods
Wavelet Analysis-Based Crack Detection: Wavelet analysis, with its multi-scale and multi-resolution characteristics, effectively extracts singular information from signals. Applying wavelet analysis to fastener crack detection allows for precise localization and quantitative analysis of cracks.
Electromagnetic (Eddy Current) Pulse Testing: Utilizing changes in eddy currents generated by the electromagnetic field at the site of cracks to detect them through the eddy current signal. This method offers fast detection, high sensitivity, and the capability for real-time monitoring.
Hotspots and Directions for the Development of Fastener Crack Detection Methods
Intelligence: Integrating artificial intelligence technology to achieve automation and intelligence in crack detection, improving efficiency and accuracy.
Integration: Combining multiple detection methods to leverage their respective advantages, enhancing the comprehensiveness and accuracy of crack detection.
Remote Monitoring: Using the Internet of Things, big data, and other technologies to enable remote monitoring and early warning of fastener cracks, reducing accident risks.
Eco-Friendly Detection: Developing green and environmentally friendly detection methods to minimize harm to the environment and human health during the testing process.
In summary, non-destructive testing technology for fastener cracks is of great significance in the engineering field in our country. With the continuous development of science and technology, crack detection technology is expected to become more mature and comprehensive, providing strong support for our country's engineering construction. Through continuous innovation and optimization of detection methods, we are confident in ensuring the safety performance of fasteners and contributing to our country's economic and social development.
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